Saturday, August 31, 2019

Keeping Pets

The disadvantages of keeping prairie dogs as pets far outweigh the advantages. But the cuteness factor of these unique creatures keep the pet trade moving along with more and more people wanting prairie dogs as pets. Before you take on one of these animals into your care, you should weigh all of the factors of ownership so there will be no surprises once the prairie dog is in your home. Advantages Without a doubt, the cuteness and uniqueness factors of the prairie dog are what interest people the most.Not very many people have prairie dogs so some individuals might get the thrill of having the only prairie dog or dogs in the neighborhood. Their sweet faces and rounded bodies are adorable which attract many to wanting to own one of these animals. Their compact size also means they don't take up a lot of space unlike larger animals such as dogs. Besides their constant need for companionship, care for the prairie dog is minimal. They require a clean cage, food and water, and toys for pl ay and exercise. They can be litter box trained and can be fed a high-quality rabbit pellet along with other vegetation.Disadvantages Some prairie dogs do adapt to captivity but not very often. They can become friendly and sociable with humans but when they don't bond with their owner, they can become stressed and bite. Because these are social creatures, they require a lot of attention from their owner. When left alone, prairie dogs can become depressed leading to behavioral problems. When prairie dogs are handled properly when young, they can socialize and become unique pets. However, many of these animals have been taken from their wild habitat and do not adjust to captivity.This causes many behavior issues such as depression and biting. Because prairie dogs chew, they can escape many types of cages and when loose in the house, they can cause quite a bit of damage. Prairie dogs can also carry diseases. An outbreak of monkeypox was noted in pet prairie dogs in 2003. Plague can als o be transmitted to humans through prairie dogs. The chance of this occurring is low however; cases of human plague have been reported to the CDC as a result of contact with prairie dogs. Finding a veterinarian that is knowledgeable with these animals can be difficult.If an owner is faced with a sick prairie dog, they may not have anyone who can diagnose the problem until it is too late. One of the biggest disadvantages of owning prairie dogs is the legality issue. Following the reported cases of monkeypox in 2003, laws were specifically made to ban the capture of wild prairie dogs and restrict the travel of existing captive prairie dogs. The new laws have made it illegal to move prairie dogs from one state to another or even within a state. Some states have made it illegal to own these animals. If you are planning on relocating, you have to receive special permission to do so.The law does allow owners to transport prairie dogs only in the case of seeking veterinary care or movement to a shelter to be euthanized. Overall, prairie dogs are not the best choices for pets. They should not be owned by someone who does not have the time to devote to their care and more importantly, they should not be purchased for children. The numbers of prairie dogs in the wild have steadily been declining in recent years. Many believe that should the promotion of prairie dogs as pets continue, their future could end up like the black-footed ferret – an animal which has reached near extinction in the wild.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Analysis of how both companies meet their financial objectives and aims Essay

In this report I have decided to concentrate on two companies, Woolworth’s plc and WHSmith plc, I will be analysing and comparing the two companies on their objectives (what they say their objectives are, and how they meet those objectives set) and their performances (if they have made profit or loss). I will research all these from their annual report, which is provided on the Internet. An introduction of both companies Woolworth’s is known to be one of Britain’s leading general merchandise retailers, with great brands, strong market position and a powerful presence in home entertainment. The company has one of the highest customer shopper’s performances of all UK retailers’ and today known to be the largest non-food retail chains. WHSmith is also one of the UK’s leading retail groups incorporating market-leading companies in retailing publishing and news distributing. WHSmith has 1,464 stores world-wide; all these locate in place like the UK high street, airport, stations and countries outside of the United Kingdom such as North America and Asia The performance of the companies Last year was an eventful and challenging year for the Woolworth; the first half of the year when they were still part of Kingfisher’s plc was a moment of uncertainty as the future of the company was being decided. The company detached themselves from Kingfisher plc on 28 August 2001, leaving them with 200 million of debt, over ? 100 million of excess stock, loss marking new format and e-business. Woolworth’s formats are designed to appeal to the value-conscious consumer. Woolworth’s is a mass-market retailer with a leading brand and broad product offering at competitive prices. Their mission is â€Å"to be at the heart of the community and the best loved retailer for kids, home and family leisure†. The company’s brand is known to be one of the best-recognised retail brands in the UK and proving this is on average, 6. 5 million customer transactions are made on tills per week. Woolworth’s business operates in the UK general merchandising market, which is both large and highly fragmented, with participants of varying sizes and covering different category mixes.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

African American

Please show how Segregation shaped the lives of African Americans during the time frame 1870-1920. Please examine all faucet of society under slavery to support your argument. In the year of 1870, It was the re Invention of slavery. America could not be built without economic. The south was still a negative place and they tailed to accept blacks. After decades of discrimination, the voting rights act of 1965 aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that denied blacks tovote under the 15th amendment. The 1 5th amendment in 1870 gave African Americans the right o vote. The constitutional amendment passed after the civil war that it guaranteed blacks the right to vote. It affected not only freed slaves In the south but the blacks that were living In the north who was not allowed to vote(3). The amendment was favored by the Republican Party; since the votes of the slaves helped the party dominates national politics In the years after the war. During the same year, Hiram Rhodes Revels. who was a republican from Mississippi, became the first African American to sit in the United States congress when he was elected to the United tates senate. Millions of black men served In congress during reconstruction but more than 600 served In the states legislatures and many more held local offices(3). The Jim Crow laws were the era of struggle. The state and local laws in the united states enacted between 1876 and 1365. In 1890, there was a separate but equal status for African Americans. Jim Crow laws followed the Black codes which restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans with no equality. During the reconstruction period, the federal law provided clvll rights protection In the united States for the African Americans who had formally been slaves(l)_ In 1890, Louisiana required by law that blacks ride In separate railroad cars. The whites on railroads, including separate railway cars. Plessy attempted to sit in an all- white railroad car. After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car, Plessy was arrested for violating in1890. Louisiana statute that provided for segregated separate but equal railroad accommodations. Those using facilities not designated for their race were criminally liable under the statute(4). Plessy was found guilty on he grounds that the law was a reasonable exercise of the states police powers based upon custom, usage, and tradition in the state. Plessy filed a petition in the Supreme Court of Louisiana against Ferguson, asserting that segregation stigmatized blacks and stamped them with a badge of inferiority in violation of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth amendments(4). The case of Plessy vs. Ferguson was one of a combination of rulings passed by the U. S and the state Supreme Courts after reconstruction. Many of these decisions allowed and required Jim Crow segregation laws in southern states. At the highest level, the case was decided on May 18th in 1896, in favor of Ferguson and the state of Louisiana. The Supreme Court had given southern states all the permission they needed to let any remaining equality between the races fade away and be replaced by the Jim Crow laws standing(S). By the 1870s, many southern whites had resorted to intimidation and violence to keep blacks from voting and restore white supremacy in the region. Beginning in 1873, a series of Supreme Court decisions limited the scope of Reconstruction-era laws and federal support for the Reconstruction Amendments, particularly the 14th nd 15th, which gave African Americans the status of citizenship and protection. The Compromise of 1877 occurred after the Presidential Election of 1876, when Congress formed the Electoral Commission to resolve disputed Democratic Electoral votes from the South. The republicans agreed to enact Federal legislation that would spur industrialization in the south. They agreed to withdraw federal soldiers from their remaining positions in the south(5). They did this to appoint democrats to positions in the south and to appoint a democrat to the presidents cabinet. The Compromise f 1877 effectively ended the Reconstruction era. The Southern Democrats promised to protect but the political rights of blacks were not kept. The end of federal interference in southern affairs led to widespread disenfranchisement of blacks voters(4). From the late 1870s, southern legislatures passed a series of laws requiring the separation of whites from persons of color on public transportation, in schools, parks, restaurants, theaters and other locations. These segregationist statutes governed life in the South through the middle of the next century, ending after the uccess of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. The migration was a watershed in the history of African Americans. It lessened their overwhelming concentration in the South, opened up industrial Jobs to people who had up to then been mostly farmers, and gave the first significant impetus to their cities such as Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia, and New York(8). The single largest movement of African Americans occurred during World War l, when people moved from rural areas and small towns in the South to cities in the North and the East. Even in the North, blacks encountered violence at the hands of whites, who esented competition for Jobs and black economic success. Segregation and discrimination in housing, education, and Jobs was pervasive in the North as well. From 1916, more than six million blacks left the South for other regions of the United States. Over the next fifteen years, more than one tenth of the countrys black population would voluntarily move north. The Great Migration lasted until 1930. This was the first step in the full nationalization of the African American population(2). The Klu Klux Klan is the oldest organization. During this time 1920s, there were still 5 percent of African Americans in the south. The Klan was created in 1871 by the Democratic Party to prevent African Americans from voting the 1 5th Amendment. The Klan also became Americans 1st terrorist group and became an institutional part of American life and political colt.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

GIS Report 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GIS Report 2 - Essay Example Most importantly, technology, career, as well as magnet curricula are making it possible for the GIS education to penetrate into the K-12 classroom. On the contrary, other states allow teachers in responsible for teaching geography to apply GIS in their standards improvement programs without enlisting resources, support, and lessons in their geography curriculum. This discourse attempts to find software fitted with applications specially built to address particular needs of the final users in this case teachers and pupils. This takes place after making considerations involving the cons and pros. The paper also explains why it is important to make sure that the GIS contain the capacity to work with new applications and develop at the same rate with the growth of schools. The teacher should be in a position to organize information precisely, quickly, and in a reliable manner. Various research journals reveal the difficulty among different schools to implement Geographical Information Systems (GIS) especially the secondary division. However, the same studies show an improving shift in the trend towards embracing a standard learning approach where stakeholders in the education sector among them parents and department of education hold teachers accountable for the standards of learning and performance of the pupils (Cassell, & Hiremath, 2013, p. 71). This is addition to the requirements by the NO Child Left Behind program officers (NCLB). Apart from form adding the load to the educators through a set of additional issues, the shift creates room for the education sector to adopt the GIS technology in to the classroom and secondary curriculum using the appropriate standards. States that allow the application of the GIS program without resources and support among other things include Texas and apply a different program dubbed the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

The Purpose Criminal Justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

The Purpose Criminal Justice - Assignment Example Without criminal law, people will be unsafe with powerful exploiting the less powerful. Without laws of the constitution, citizens may not exercise their basic rights. Therefore, the community requires laws in order to maintain fairness as well as avoid the victimization of innocent persons. Criminal law or penal law: A body of rules which describe the type of and punishments for public nature offenses or wrongs that are done to the community or the state.Civil law governs the correlations among and between businesses, individuals, and state agencies, as well as other organizations. This means that it governs the relationships between parties. Administrative law: Body of regulations which the state uses to control the individuals, industry, and business activities. Case law comprises of the accumulated trial wisdom and appellate courts in civil, criminal, and administrative laws over the years. While the substantive criminal laws define crimes and prescribe punishments, the procedura l law describes the techniques to be utilized in enforcing the law. Four broad categories of defenses: Alibi: Is a statement by a person charged with a crime that she or he was far when the crime occurred or was involved in other activities thus his or her participation in the crime is not possible. Justification is a legal defense where the defendant confesses to carrying out the act in question yet he or she argues that it was necessary to prevent some greater damage.  The excuse is where the defendant posits that a certain personal condition at the time of the act is what made him or she commit the offense and needs to be held responsible under the criminal law.  

Monday, August 26, 2019

Ethics Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Reflection Paper - Essay Example The stakeholders are any persons dealing with the company directly and indirectly from its work force, clients and the general public in which the organization operates. The organization ensures the development of ethical guidelines and standards, and its implementation followed by each and every member of the organization. This can be done through training and cultivation of an ethical culture, which would enable the satisfaction of each and every stakeholder. Good ethical principles in an organization increase customer satisfaction and retention translating into better financial standings at all times, with healthier profit margins. There is also better retention of employees and customer confidence from the public and regulatory authorities, which is suitable for business. High ethical standards can be achieved through strategic planning and development of an ethical oriented business culture. This is through training and reinforcement of ethical codes of conduct by policies and r egulations in an organization. Corporate social responsibility has become an integral part of the business organization strategic planning tool. ... CSR plays a crucial role in the long term premeditated setting up of a business in the recruitment and retention of competitive employees (Habisch, 2005). An exemplary corporate social responsibility policy that focuses on stakeholder satisfaction improves an organization’s perception by potential recruits and employees, which also boosts productivity and efficiency in organization operations. Strategic planning in managing potential risk from corruption, health scandals and environmental accidents has been the greatest task in business organizations (Eisingerich & Ghardwaj, 2011). A crisis can bring reputable organizations down from the effects of lost customer confidence, which results in low sales. However, social responsibility policies implemented to prevent any scandal emerging in an organization helps in strategically avoiding this. Corporate social responsibility also gives an organization a competitive edge over its competitors in the international markets through cus tomer satisfaction and loyalty. Comprehensive customer responsibility policies also open up more markets through fewer legal hindrances to operate. This is because governments are increasingly giving health safety and environmental conservation priority when licensing new organizations. Discuss how your ethical perspective has evolved throughout the UOP MBA program The MBA program has changed my ethical perspectives approach to management, obligations to self, society, and means to achieve personal and organizational goals. Ethics and social responsibility training expose people to different and varied ways of decision making, management, and strategic

Dual Process Theories of Reasoning and Judgment Research Paper

Dual Process Theories of Reasoning and Judgment - Research Paper Example For example, Pavlov's model of classical conditioning is commonly recognized as a form of associative learning where a neutral stimulus is introduced along with a stimulus of significance and an unconditioned response is transferred for a conditioned one. Within a vacuum this model works, but Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory suggest that through one's experiences they form memories through which they associate emotions and when similar events occur that remind them of these memories, they in turn associate that even with the felt emotion. These emotions in turn effect behavior making this so significant to the daily lives of individuals. Human beings naturally use their emotions in relations to their memories to defines a sense of self. Cognitive-Experiential Self Theory denotes that the analytical and the emotional can work in contrast while simultaneously working in correspondence with the cognitive mind. A major disconfirmation of this theory can be seen in the human pursuit of self realization as Keirkegaard notes. If as Cognitive-Experiential Theory argue Human beings cognitively are reactionary to their on predicated emotions than there is no room to learn from one's emotions and in turn overcome them. Keirkegaard believed this individualistic existence caused everyone to travel along a path toward self-realization and this process, he noted, had three stages.

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Medical Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Medical Law and Ethics - Essay Example technological advancements took place and as human civilizations marched to the 21st century, disease associated pharmaceutical, medical interventions and the like came into picture. Consequently, to ensure safety of fellow human beings ‘Medical law and ethics’ came into existence around 1950s. As years passed on, stricter control and laws were enforced, essentially to differentiate between what was a genuine effort in research and murder under the guise of medical trials. Presently, we have various laws and guidelines adopted by different countries and unions, including the European Union (1, 2). One among such guidelines is the Informed Consent (IC). Case 1. Patient dies owing to an artery being inadvertently severed during surgery. Surgery performed by a junior doctor in the absence of a supervising senior doctor and without the informed consent of the dead patient. A novel surgery technique involving laser equipment was adopted. The supervising senior doctor was also called to give advice on another case and since s/he cannot be present at two places at the same time, chooses not to be present at the operation theatre. As the patient dies ‘Blame game’ and ‘wriggling out of the situation with excuses’ starts - Hospital authorities clearly at the receiving end. Case 2. Patient’s brother, aged 16, male, taking medical consultation for an STD presumably contracted through a one night stand with his girlfriend, exhibits malicious behaviour. Clinicians deserve a better deal or patients are required to show better behaviour. Case 3. Patient (the adolescent with STD) administered substandard drug. Consequently, develops (presumably life threatening) severe respiratory infection. Hospital authorities definitely caught on the wrong foot again, as a better, albeit costly, drug is available for the same STD condition and is recommended by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE). An evergreen debate in Medical Law and Ethics

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Electronic stethoscope Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electronic stethoscope - Lab Report Example Components functions LM386 Low Voltage Audio Power Amplifier is an auditory amplifier designed for exploitation in low electrical energy consumer purpose which provides both current gain and voltage for signals. Hence, power amp with variable gain is considered with the assistance of op-amp LM386. It acts as a low-noise microphone pre-amp. Its gain is approximately 3.9 because the high productivity impedance of the exhaust of the FET within the electrets microphone makes efficient input resistor to be approximately 12.2K. MPF102 Transistors’ purpose is to manage current by an electric field; voltage produces only a small raise in drain current. 1K Ohm 1/4-Watt Carbon Film Resistor provides accurate amounts of resistance in electric circuits. Resistors are marked both in regards to their resistance (1K ohms) and their capability to dissipate high temperature energy (1/4-watts). 1M Ohm 1/4-Watt Carbon Film Resistor refers to 1M ohm resistance and a quarter heat dissipation. 10 o hm 1/4W 5% Carbon Film Resistor and 4.7K Ohm 1/4-Watt Carbon Film Resistor likewise give the corresponding resistance and dissipation. (x2) 0.047 µF 50V 10% PC-Mount Capacitor separates the microphone route from the LM324 quadruple functioning amplifier. This way, the LM386 can operate at the full 12 V without hindering the voltage of the microphone circuit. 0.1 µF 50V Hi-Q Ceramic Disc Capacitor also operates on the same basis of the above capacitors, however, in regards to its ratings. Project Enclosure (3X2X1") has Project Box, Aluminum Lid and Plastic lid. This enclosure comprises four standoffs in the base corners to sustain a PC board. Standoffs are 1/4" far above the ground with holes that allow sharp 4 screws. Slots are available on all four sides of the apparatus to allow a PC board to be fixed horizontally or vertically alongside the length or breadth of the enclosure. Enclosure has aluminum and plastic lids. Multipurpose Pc Board with 417 Holes is a grid-style PC plan k as the starting point for electronics task. It includes 417 pre-drilled punctures. The board measurements are 1.875 inches by 2.875 inches. JVC GumyEarBuds represent an improvement in comfort, fitting the ear with an exceptional curved housing. The big 0.53" (13.5mm) neodymium components in these blue earbuds convey a superior listening practice. 10K-Ohm Linear-Taper Potentiometer: B10K 17mm With Dust fasten has modifiable top with power of 1/2W, Resistance: 10K OHM OHMS, Knurled Shaft, Shaft Diameter: 6mm, Shaft Length: 10mm, Suits Most Standard knobs, Mounting Hole: 7.5mm and Base Diameter: 16mm. Hexagonal control knob 1-1/4" length by 5/8; Sold in packages of two. 1/8" Mono Panel-Mount Audio Jack; NOTE: This component does come with the anchoring nut to assist in fixing. Specifications:  type: mono, with insert switch, solder connections and in housing. This 6-foot insulated cable features a 1/8" handset plug on each terminals. Shielded to safeguard signal potency and guard a gainst buzz. Also, a 6-foot lead has a 1/8" handset plug on each terminal also insulated to preserve signal power and guard against hum. Fully Insulated 9V Battery Snap Connectors: has 9V snap connector for substitutes or projects. It has color-coded cable leads and also connects to our battery holders that possess snap connectors; it also uses replacements for projects, and its color-coded wire leads to avoid confusion and Package of 5 of the relevant elements. Enercell ® Alkaline 9 Volt Battery is the source of energy (Tang, Guitao & Hao Li, 2010). How does the

Friday, August 23, 2019

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Marketing Plan - Essay Example This is a functional drink and can be made available in different flavors to suit different tastes. With the mission to reach the product to the vast majority of the people, it has been decided to undertake a marketing plan which includes stating the marketing objectives, the research to forecast the demand and then the marketing strategy. To determine the demand that could be generated for this new product, it is considered necessary to conduct a survey. To conduct the survey market segmentation is necessary so that the target market is studied rather than the whole market. Since this is a health drink and that too a milk product, focus would be on the children between 6 and 18 years and the women. The segmentation would further be based on psychographic details like lifestyle and social demographics like the income level. Thus to conduct the survey questionnaires have been designed (Appendix A). These questionnaires would be sent out via emails to housewives. The addresses would be procured from the local clubs and women’s organizations. Questionnaires would also be sent to the local clubs and organizations where a large number of women are employed. The marketing mix of any product would include the right product at the right time in the right place with the right sales and promotion strategy and at the right price. To have competitive positioning, these are the four P’s (Product, Price, Place and Promotion) very essential for marketing any product. To ensure good sales of our product and services, it is essential to understand the product, its need and importance, the price should be reasonable, if necessary dual pricing, the product should be easily available hence distribution has to be right and finally the right awareness of the product. The promotional strategies have to be taken into account depending on competitive factors. The product is new in the market with a focus on health and targeted at children and the women and hence success is

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Management History Essay Example for Free

Management History Essay Managers can look at past managerial methods in order to make decisions that will best suit themselves and help their organisations, as well as giving their organisation a competitive advantage (Boddy D. , 2005). In this essay I will be arguing against the proposition that knowledge of management history is irrelevant to modern practice. To show that management history is important for modern managers, I am going to discuss and focus on a number of historical management techniques and theories and how they can be useful. I will talk about how these management techniques and theories are relevant with modern management. The first approach I will look at is the classical approach. Too elaborate on this theory I will split it in to two areas; the scientific management theory and the administrative principals. Firstly I will discuss the scientific approach; where I will talk about Frederick Winslow Taylor and his theory on the importance of workers being trained and the importance of the selection process (Bartol Martin, 1994). The next branch is the administrative approach involving theorist Henri Fayol and how his theories have been well respected and become a big part of modern management today. To finish off my argument I will be talking about the behavioural side of management by relating to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Through looking into these methods I hope to give the reader a good understanding as to why I believe historical management has had a big impact on modern management today and will continue to do so in the future. The first discussion will be based around the classical approach, an approach to management that is seen as a way of managers making decisions based around economic concern. There are three main areas within the classical approach, these being scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organisation. However, throughout my argument I will be focusing only on two of these approaches, thus being the scientific approach and the administrative principals. The two main theorists who are heavily involved in these consist of Frederick Winslow Taylor, whom was the founder of scientific management and Henri Fayol whom has had a big influence on the administrative principals. I will also mention Mary Parker Follet whom has also had a big impact on the administrative principals. (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). I have chosen to focus only on these two areas of classical management as they are well related to my argument that historical management is relevant to modern management. The  first approach I will be discussing is the classical approach, where we will first be talking about scientific management. The man behind the scientific management theory is known as Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylor’s main contributions to management thought and practice hav e come through his idea of the scientific management theory and approach. In 1911, Frederick Winslow Taylor published his work, ‘the principles of scientific management.’ These principles described how applying the scientific method to the management of workers could greatly improve productivity through the analysis and synthesis of workflows. It is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows, improving work productivity (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). To back my argument that management history is important for modern managers we see Henry Ford come into the picture. The ideas of Taylor were continued through well-known car manufacturer Henry Ford who went on to replace his workers with machinery, generally when it came to doing things such as heavy lifting (Daft, 2005). Scientific management has four guiding action principles, these being; to develop a ‘science’ for every job that includes rules of motion, standardize work processes and appropriate working conditions. Also to carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job, to carefully train them and give them proper incentives to cooperate with the job ‘science’ (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). Frank Gilbreth whom worked as a bricklayer put Taylors ideas into place and created a method that allowed the number of movements to lay a brick reduce from 18 to 2 therefore going on to increase the rate from 120-350 bricks (Hatch Cunliffe, 2006). Taylors work is still being used in modern day and his concepts are well thought of, his ideas are clearly seen at the roots of management today. Scientific management has proven to be a very beneficial way for companies to develop and improve their approach towards business (Helms Cengage, 2006 ). The next part of the classical approach I will be talking about is the administrative principals. The administrative principal’s approach to management came about from a man named Henri Fayol. Most management textbooks published today acknowledge Fayol to be the father of the administrative theory (Daft, 2005). Fayol was a French mining engineer, whom gradually worked his way up the ranks until he was manager of up to 10000 employees for over 30 years. The administrative principles  involved issues such as departmentalization, span of control, exceptions to routine, and hierarchy. An example of the administrative principals being used in modern management can be seen through major fast food franchise McDonalds. The efficient production of their fast food is crucial towards customer satisfaction and organisation success therefore Fayol’s principles come in use for this systematic type of organisational structure. Here we see another part of historical management being used in a very successful franchise within the modern era. Mary Parker Follet was also a contributor to administrative principles. Follet believed that growth and success would come from the direct interaction between members of the organisational groups achieving common goals and objectives. She also displayed a general understanding of groups and showed commitment to human co-operation, creating ideas that are still relevant today (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011). The next part of my argument belongs to that of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Abraham Maslow has identified 5 important needs that individuals should aim to require in order to positively influence their contribution within the workplace. Maslow’s theory is often represented as a pyramid, with the larger, lower levels representing the essential needs, and the upper levels representing the need for self-actualization. The first need starts from the bottom of the table, this being psychological. Psychological needs are our basic needs, needs such as food and water. Safety needs are next, expressing an emphasis on the need for security and protection. Self-belongingness is the next need and falls under the category of social needs and feeling as though you are a part of something, a community, or group of some type. This is then followed by self-esteem needs which will mean you are given respect and recognition for your work, leaves the employee with a sense of competency. The last need of all and the highest need in Maslow’s theory is self-actualisation. This need looks at employees achieving self-fulfilments and goals, on the completion of certain tasks employees allow themselves to grow in confidence by using their abilities to their full extent (Davidson, Griffin, Simon, Woods, 2009). Maslow believes that the only reason that people would not move well in direction of self-actualization is because of hindrances placed in their way. These days we are beginning to see Maslow’s theory in many businesses as a way of motivating employees. Managers are using Maslow’s  theory within the work place to help give their employees motivation and something to work towards and achieve, it is a tool managers use to help point employees in the right direction (Davidson, Griffin, Simon, Woods, 2009). A prime example of this is volunteers working for non for profit organisations. With the fact that there is no money involved in volunteer works it is important for these volunteers to have the Maslow’s theory approach merged into their business setting as well as a part of their work ethic. This is vital in order to feel as though they are reaping rewards from the hard work they are putting in, as in volunteer work, money is non-existent. Managers also now tend to change and mix up the way they are motivating employees by giving different rewards and motivation stimuli in order to keep volunteers and employees happy to stay with the organisation (Hatch Cunliffe, 2006). As I have stated, it is clear too see that the two types of classical approaches discussed both have an impact on modern management. With Frederick Winslow Taylor and his theory of scientific management we can see that an important aspect is to obtain maximum wealth for both the employee and the employer. The example of Frank Gilbreth and his techniques used with bricklaying help us understand that positive outcomes come from Taylors theory and we are able too see that his theory has not gone un noticed and is infact a part of modern management. The same goes with the next part to classical management, this being the administrative principals. We again see administrative principles being applied to modern management. Our example based around this theory being major fast food franchise McDonalds. ‘The efficient production of their fast food is crucial towards customer satisfaction and organisation success.’ McDonalds is one of the largest franchises in the world today and will continue to be for years to come, and it is worthy proof showing the administrative principals involvement within such a successful franchise within modern management. The last theory I discussed was that thought by Abraham Maslow and his hierarchy of needs. This theory is a vital part of one’s mind and can help achieve a certain degree of self-belief within an employee as well as a manager or employer. It is a useful tool for managers to keep employees motivated and feel as though they are achieving. Throughout this essay I believe I have been able to support my argument as to why I believe that historical management is relevant to modern management. References Bartol, K. M., Martin, D. C. (1994). Management. Michigan: McGraw-Hill series in management. Blake, A, M. (2010) One hundred years after The principles of Scientific Management. One Hundred Years after The Principles of Scientific Management, 1-9 Boddy, D. (2005). Management an introduction 3rd edition. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd. Daft, R, S. (2005). Management second pacific rim edition. Florida: Dryden press. Davidson, P., Griffin, R. W., Simon, A., Woods, P. (2009). Management 4th Australasian Edition. Milton: John Wiley Sons Australia. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2006). Organization Theory. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Helms, M. M., Cengage, G. (2006). Chain of Command Principle Retrieved 22 August, 2011, from http://www.enotes.com/management-encyclopedia/chain-command-principle Schermerhorn, J. R., Davidson, P., Poole, D., Simon, A., Woods, P., Chau, S. L. (2011). Management (4th Asia-Pacific ed.). Milton, Queensland: John Wiley and Sons.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Travel and Don George Essay Example for Free

Travel and Don George Essay The writer, Don George, gets a surprise every time he travels. Even though he has been a certain place before, he still gets surprised. He calls travelling his â€Å"mental picture-puzzle of the world†. The reason he has been travelling around the world was because he would like to understand everything by experiencing it. After some of his first trips, he got a job as a travel writer so he could continue travelling and writing about it. Now Don George has a daughter which globe he uses to point out how many countries he has travelled to – which is more than sixty countries. As he travels he keeps on gathering more pieces to his picture-puzzle. He believes that the travels bring him closer to God. Don George ends up believing that maybe the puzzle is God and all his travels and learning’s are incantations, prayers and koans. He thinks that the best thing we can do in life is to learn the things into ourselves and then give it back to all the new places and new people we encounter. If you keep travel and live enough, you would contain everything inside you. Travelling For me, travelling are many things and it can include recreation, vacation, tourism and many other possibilities. Travelling for me also means stepping out of my comfort zone. It means expanding my horizon, literally and figuratively. I’m also very amazed and surprised every time I travel. There are so many different cultures and people have so many different traditions. I always learn something when I travel. I can chose to let it slip away or I can choose to take my experiences and learn it into myself. It’s about challenging the things I thought I knew. Travelling is lying down at the pool relaxed with a cold drink, it? s feeling welcome somewhere, even if I don’t know anyone. Travelling means taking my camera with me everywhere I go. Travelling is walking so much that my feet hurts but you keep saying to yourself â€Å"there are so much more to experience†. I don? t have to go to another country to experience something new. Travelling can be local, regional or international. It doesn’t matter where I am in the world, I will always come home with new wisdom. But travelling can also be something else. I live in a small provincial town where the possibilities for youngsters to experience and get educated are limited. After I’ve graduated high school I would like to move to Copenhagen to study. For me, going to Copenhagen to be educated and live there would be a travel. Frederikshavn and Copenhagen are from my point of view totally different. Even though I’ve been to Copenhagen many times, I still see it as a travel. I can go there as a tourist, I can go there to be in a tournament, it can be a business travel or I can go visit my family and friends. And if I lived in Copenhagen I would travel around the city experiencing, learning and seeing new things everyday. For me traveling can also be boring. Travelling by train, bus, plain, ship, cars such as public transport can be a downside. I don’t like to sit in a train for several hours getting bothered by the person besides or in front of me talking about the party the have been to or about their grandkids or asking me a thousand questions – Jesus am I going to hear your ignorant voice for five more hours? Besides that I absolutely love to travel. It doesn’t matter if it’s near me or far away, whether the climate is cold or warm, it is about living and learning. Soon I’m travelling to USA for two weeks, I can’t wait to experience the culture and the pulse of the land of opportunities. The best times in my life has been while travelling, alone, together with my family, with friends, classmates or my teammates. So the wise words of the great Danish author – Hans Christian Andersen: â€Å"to travel is to live† are 5 words covering my attitude to travelling.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Trend and effects of global immigration

Trend and effects of global immigration Trend and Effects of Global Immigration Immigration is a major political issue in the United States. Elections are won or lost based on candidates position on immigration reform. According to a 2008 Gallup Poll most people in the United States believe that immigration should be decreased. (Gallup, 2010) However, according to the same poll, since 2005 whites and blacks feel that immigration should be decreased. Conversely, the data shows that Hispanics believe immigration should be increased. In contrast, since 2005 whites, blacks and Hispanics all believe that immigration is a good thing for this country. Still, while whites and blacks believe that immigrants cost tax payers too much, yet Hispanics believe that immigrants do not cost tax payers too much. All those who responded to the Gallup Poll believe that immigrants are willing to take the low-paying jobs that Americans dont want (Gallup, 2010). While Gallup data provides insight only to trends in the United States, data from the Ogranisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) provides a snapshot of the reality of immigration around the world. OECD data shows that since 2005 foreign populations have increased in the majority of countries tracked. The greatest increases in foreign workers are in the United States, C anada, Italy, New Zealand, and Spain (2009). Trends The migration of people is not a new phenomenon. History shows that people have migrated since ancient times (Mueller, 2007). [M]igrations are not an isolated phenomenon: movements of commodities and capital almost always give rise to movements of people state Castles and Miller (as cited in Ryan, 2007). The Gallup data illustrates a trend in public opinion in the United States that immigration should be decreased (2010), yet internationally, including United States, OECD data shows a trend that actual immigration is steadily increasing each year (2009). The increase in immigration suggests another trend in the job market in which low paying jobs in this country are taken by immigrants, which supports the Gallup report stating that while there are many reasons for migration, the universal desire of all is to get a good job (Clifton, 2007). Historically, immigrants were poor males that were mostly unskilled. These men immigrated generally for economic reasons to send money back to their families (Ryan, 2007). Since 1970 the profile of an immigrant has evolved to include females who choose to migrate for a variety of reasons including family reunification, improved quality of life for their children and good jobs (Ryan, 2007; Piper, 2006; Horton, 2008; Clifton, 2007). Since 1980 women outnumber male immigrants in countries such as Australia, the United States, and Canada (Ryan, 2007). Impact of Immigration To the extent that people migrate to reunite their families, get a good job, or improve their financial situation, migration is beneficial to the individual. However, the ultimate benefits of migration come at a cost. For example, Mexican women often migrate to provide ideal lives for their children, influenced by their perceptions of the . . . classic Western ideals of childhood as a space protected from adult burdens and the sphere of monetized relationships . . . (Horton, 2008). In their quests to provide perfect lives for their children, these mothers are separated from their children for months or even years at a time in order to earn enough money to transport their children across borders. Separations are often longer than expected because of increased post-9/11 border enforcement. The cost for these mothers is the deterioration of their relationships with their children. To ensure that their children do not forget, them they send gifts to their children such as toys, candy and clothes. For the children left behind the cost for them is, ironically, at the expense their childhoods. For example, eldest daughters are left to mother younger siblings. Children left behind sometimes feel abandoned, which fosters anger at their absent mothers. These children may also suffer emotionally at the insults of classmates who make fun of them because their parents have migrated to another county (Horton, 2008). Additionally, depending on how they enter a country (i.e., as refugees, asylum seekers, or trafficked) and the jobs they perform (i.e., domestic labor, sex work, service industry work, unskilled labor), many women remain undocumented, which suggests that immigration numbers are even higher than reported (Piper, 2006). The economic impact of migration influences society both positively and negatively. Sending countries benefit from unemployment relief and substantial income through remittances from emigrants (Ryan, 2007). Yet, sending countries also suffer from the loss of skilled workers. (The US National Intelligence Council, 2001) Receiving countries benefit from a new workforce of skilled and unskilled laborers who fill the jobs the younger generation entering the workforce typically does not want. Unfortunately, employers whose businesses depend on skilled labor often take advantage of illegal workers with low pay, long hours, poor conditions, and work law violations. Yet without these workers many of these businesses would fold. Paradoxically, as the need for skilled workers increases, migrant workers will begin to demand higher wages as companies compete for their skills (Hemme, 2006). According to Clifton, all countries will compete for the key commodity that creates jobs: brain gain. Brain gain is defined as a citys or countrys attraction of talented people whose exceptional gifts and knowledge create new business and new jobs and increase that citys or countrys economy (2007). These human mega talents and their supporting employees impact their local economies through their purchasing power. They also impact their countrys GNP through the production of their companies goods. While countries that are able to attract the mega-talents reap the ultimate economic benefits (Gallup estimates one talented star per $100 million of GNP), conversely the countries from which the talent leaves suffer severe brain drain through the lack of skilled workers in health, aviation, mining, shipping and port operations (Clifton, 2007). Conclusion In my professional experience, I have witnessed the effects of immigration on education. There is tremendous benefit to students and districts in the sharing of diverse cultures and languages. However, increased enrollment of children whose parents may not pay taxes places a significant financial burden on school districts because of the need to hire additional teachers and provide meals and transportation. Districts realize a decrease in attendance revenue when migrant families return to their sending countries for extended periods of time. Because of language barriers, districts must provide more bilingual teachers, administrators and paraprofessionals to ensure communication with migrant parents and students. Equally important, test scores suffer because of language barriers and disparity in educational standards of the sending country and receiving district. Migration will continue, but the destinations chosen will ultimately depend on where people can get a good job (Clifton, 2007). Dramatic increases in immigration are predicted in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America triggered by violent conflicts, economic crises, and natural disasters (The US National Intelligence Council, 2001). Globalization and democratization will make such dramatic increases difficult to control. Mass migration from Mexico, Cuba and Haiti to the United States will be the result of poverty and political unrest (U.S. National Intelligence Council, 2001). Nations must heed these trends and predictions, prepare their infrastructures and develop plans to attract brain gain to ensure economic success for their citizens. REFERENCES: Hemme, B R(Summer 2007).Global migration as a solution to worker shortages in industrialized economies.Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table, RetrievedFebruary 23, 2010,fromAcademic OneFileviaGale: Horton,S..(2008). Consuming Childhood: Lost and Ideal Childhoods as a Motivation for Migration.Anthropological Quarterly,81(4),925-943. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:1616811601). Piper, N.(Spring 2006).Gendering the politics of migration (1).International Migration Review,40,1.p.133(32).RetrievedFebruary 23, 2010,fromAcademic OneFileviaGale: http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/gtx/start.do?prodId=AONEuserGroupName=novaseu_main Ryan, Jan. (2007). Globalization and migration in the 21st century: looking back into the future. Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table. Retrieved February 23, 2010, from Academic OneFile via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/gtx/start.do?prodId=AONEuserGroupName=novaseu_main The US National Intelligence Council on Growing Global Migration. (Documents).Dec 2001 Population and Development Review,27,4.p.817(3).RetrievedFebruary 23, 2010,fromAcademic OneFileviaGale: Gallup. (2010). Immigration. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/1660/Immigration.aspx#3

Monday, August 19, 2019

What is Illiteracy? :: Illiteracy Essays

What exactly is illiteracy? An adult or adults with a reading incapacity, a lack of knowledge of a subject, and/or a error in speech or writing according to Encarta World English Dictionary is a person or persons with illiteracy. Ronald Nash the author of an on-line article entitled â€Å"The Three Kinds of Illiteracy† he describes the three different types of illiteracy. Nash explains in detail cultural, moral, and functional illiteracy in his article. Cultural illiteracy defined by E.D. Hirsch Jr. is to possess the basic information needed to thrive in the modern world (Nash). Moral illiteracy is not being taught or lacked the education and understandings in religious or spiritual beliefs (Nash). Functional illiteracy refers to the inability of an individual to use reading, speaking, writing, and computational skills in everyday life (Literacy Center for the Midlands). Functional illiteracy is probably the most familiar and known to the public out of the three.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Functional illiteracy is measured on a scale of five levels. Level one is an adult or adults who can read a little, but not well enough to fill out an application, read a food label, or a simple story to a child (NIFL: National Institute for Literacy- Frequently Asked Questions). Level two adult or adults can perform more complex tasks such as comparing and contrasting a situation (NIFL: National Institute for Literacy- Frequently Asked Questions). Level three to level five adult or adults usually perform the same types of more complex tasks on increasingly lengthy and dense texts and documents (NIFL: National Institute for Literacy- Frequently Asked Questions).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the A Untied Way Agency web page posts on-line article entitled The Scope of Illiteracy in this Country, 23% of adults who were surveyed by the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS), were at level one illiteracy. 25%- 28% of the adults surveyed were at the second lowest level, that is level two (The Scope of Illiteracy in this Country). This information was released to the public in September 1993, but the survey was complete in 1992 (Literacy Center for the Midlands-Facts on Illiteracy). This survey measured three areas that included: pose, documentation, and quantitative proficiency (Literacy Center for the Midlands-Facts on Illiteracy).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through many studies it has shown that illiteracy has a significant impact on the economy (Economic Impact of Illiteracy in this Country). The American Council of Life Insurance reports that three quarters of the Fortune 500 companies provide some level of remedial training for their workers (Economic Impact of Illiteracy in this Country).

Womens Ice Hockey :: Sports Essays

Womens Ice Hockey The fight for women's ice hockey players to earn respect and acceptance has been hard fought over the past one hundred years. Women have constantly been told that they can not play with men and that there sport is a second rate version of the men's game. The road of women's ice hockey has had many ups and downs but has perservered to the present day and is stronger than it has ever been. The future of women's ice hockey is bright thanks to diligence and hard work of those who kept it all going. Ironically women began playing the sport side by side with men over 100 years ago right at the sports inception. One of the oldest action pictures featuring ice hockey shows men playing with women. Part of the reason that women enjoyed early participation with men is because of the way that the public viewed the game. At the start, hockey was seen as a recreational activity. Women have been routinely barred from participating in serious and competitive sport, but if the game is viewed as merel y recreational then women are more accepted. In the 1890's this is what happened to the sport of ice hockey. Suddenly the game was more than recreation and organization entered, rules were drawn and leagues were formed. With the new structure came segregation of the sexes. As the sport progressed for the men, the women were left behind. In spite of all this, the first all female organized game was played in Barrie, Ontario in 1892. Women's ice hockey slowly limped on up until the 1920's. In the 1920's womens ice hockey began to pick up again. Amateur, college and junior level teams were formed and the women's sport became much more organized. In 1924 the Ladies Ontario Hockey Association was formed and would for years be the benchmark of women's ice hockey. Bonnie Rosenfield, a tremendous Canadien athlete who won Olympic medals in Track and Field would be the sports first true superstar. Bonnie grew up in a hockey family and became a very skilled player at a young age. She became irritated with the lack of opportunity for women and took up track were she excelled on an international level. She returned to hockey though with the formation of the LOHA. She became the leagues first star and became a role model for young women who also wanted to play the game.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

The Realm of Desire and Dream: Brazil and its Self-Constructing Middle Class of the 1980s, 1990s and Today :: Essays Papers

The Realm of Desire and Dream: Brazil and its Self-Constructing Middle Class of the 1980s, 1990s and Today The discourse of self-definition in Brazil is based on perceptions of economic success, material value and social prestige. Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, there was a general scramble to reconstruct individual identity in social success and achievement. â€Å"Assertions of moral and cultural (class and racial) superiority† make up the discourses of national and regional identity, while simultaneously setting up the social building blocks of discrimination and stratification (25). Through the strange consumption of not only goods, but the commodification of experiences, the Brazilian middle class sought to redefine their lives and social status, and ultimately create a world that thrives on social division and prejudice. In Maureen O’Doughterty’s Consumption Intensified, â€Å"the dual vision† of the â€Å"immediate reality of crisis and the desired reality of the First World† is shown to have shaped middle class consciousness and desire, and further deepen the marks of division within this â€Å"heterogeneous† middle class (O’Doughterty 15, 5). â€Å"Transnational consumption, in the form of travel experiences, especially to Disney World, and consumption of imported goods† is a surprising social construction of value and rank, and expresses the influence of a foreign ideal on Brazilian social identity (23). Sustained comfortable living, and superiority over another class of people, was desperately appealing to many Brazilian families in the throes of the economic crisis, as demonstrated by the commodification of a Disney experience in the United States through bought and displayed goods, and the suggestion of expense that goes with it. The suggestion of expense and wealth throughout the crisis shaped the new concept of a Brazilian middle class â€Å"character,† a quality of living that could not be removed by an instable economy and loss of existing values. The presentation and propagation of this â€Å"character† was an extension of the old lush life prior to the crisis, and a dogged determination to hold to â€Å"traditional values.† Throughout the economic crisis, the middle class wanted to be perceived as continuing to enjoy â€Å"lush private space where elevated social status is proclaimed, cared for, and safeguarded† (O’Doughterty 9). Yet the â€Å"sense of past and hopes were contradicted by the experience of inflation crisis,† and a new social construction of reality emerged that was tangible in all its effects and efforts (O’Doughterty 9). The act of consuming goods itself is political, and â€Å"consumption is central to middle-class self-definition, not only in prosperity, as has more usually been shown but in any and all circumstances, even in recession† (O’Doughterty 11).

Saturday, August 17, 2019

“As For Me and My House” by Sinclair Ross Essay

Isolation and depression are constant throughout â€Å"As For Me and My House not only in the storyline, but in character development as well. Sinclair Ross creates believable characters by using the climate and weather as a way to emphasize their feelings and emotions. Depression and isolation are the obvious themes that emerge but through out the story a want for more is evident. It is not merely a desire for material possessions but more the desire for an emotional void to be filled. Mrs. Bentley displays strong feelings of the need for material belongings but it is only a mask to hide the love that is lacking in her life. Through the material things she believes she can close the gap between her and her husband. Ross uses the weather and climate to construct characters that his audience can relate to. Both Mr. And Mrs. Bentley have the same characteristics, but the ways in which they are displayed differ. The Bentleys live on the parries where the climate is very dry, and Ross uses the dryness of the land to accentuate what is found in them. They are comparable because the dry weather affects many parts of daily life, and their dryness is a hindrance to each other’s lives. When the weather is dry it affects all parts of life, and it affects the moral of all involved. At church Mrs. Bentley notices that the people are not listening to what the preacher is saying but rather: † they were listening to the wind†, when they listened it was as â€Å"if they were trying to read the sky†(58). The dryness that is felt in the weather is only a reflection of what Mrs. Bentley feels on the inside. Physically she is dry because she is unable to have children. This puts a damper on her spirit because she thinks that if she could have her husbands’ baby he would l ove her and give her the respect that she needs and deserves. She believes that in time she could convince herself that her husbands and Judith’s baby would be hers: â€Å"that in time his son would become my son too†(214). Her dryness can also be perceived in the way she does not see herself as important. She believes that without Philip she is nothing: â€Å"if I lost Philip what would there be ahead of me?†(212). Her failure to see the worth that she possesses brings out the dryness because she cannot fathom that she can accomplish anything on her own. Mr. Bentleys’ entire character can be seen as dry, and even the simplest parts of him are dry. His actions towards everybody, especially his wife, are cold and hurtful, and he does not allow anybody the  chance to get close to him. The way in which he is grown is like that of a cactus, with out much care and thrives in a dry environment. He has thorns to keep anybody from getting close to him, and he does not needs little love to survive. He withdraws from his wife at every chance he gets especially when they are at home alone. He uses his study as a shelter, and the door as a barricade so he does not have to deal with anything but himself. When Mrs. Bentley tries to make him open his door and allow her to be a part of his life he shuns her: â€Å"‘You’d be better with the door open, getting a little breeze’ I ventured, but he sipped his coffee and said ‘I like it shut'†(63). He is dry in the way he talks to the people, and this makes it hard to relate to him. The way he presents his sermons on Sunday mornings have no emotions put in them they are only words coming out since he has no interest in what he is doing. The relationship that the Bentleys have is extremely dry and no matter how hard Mrs. Bentley tries there is nothing she can do to make it better. From the time the couple arrives in Horizon the strain on their marriage is obvious, so Mrs. Bentley is always trying to make Philip as happy as possible. When there is extra money she does not spend it on herself or even on the things that the house needs but instead she spends it on paints for Philip: â€Å"ten dollars toward the horse – our little budget will have to stand it one way or another anyway, so I might as well start out with a flourish of magnanimity – and the other fifteen will go to paints†(106). She hopes that if Philip had something to paint with again he would get out of the mood that he has been in for so long. The Bentley face isolation in a number of ways. They are isolated because they live on the prairies where they land is so vast, and they feel that they do not fit in anywhere. They keep moving from town to town with no real difference being made in the their lives: â€Å"his sermons become tedious, he hasn’t the interest of the community at heart, I turn out to be a snob and trouble maker. Eventually they make it clear to us. We crate our furniture again and go†(14). From their past experiences they do not see a point in trying to make themselves liked by the community because in the end nobody cares about them. Mrs. Bentley is isolated because she does not fit in with the community members. The people are pretending to be something they are not and they have to put up false fronts as a shield to their true selves. This not only isolates Mrs. Bentley from others but from her self because she feels the need to â€Å"erect a false front of [her] own†(13). When she pretends to be something she is not, even if it is to protect her self, it only brings her further away from her true self. Even though they face isolation from others around them it does not bring them closer together. Although they have been married for twelve years they are still like strangers to each other. In Mrs. Bentleys eyes it is all her fault that her and her husband are not close to each other, and she is constantly trying to make herself be an important part in Philips life. At times she feels that she is getting closer to him, but at other times she feels that everything she has done has been done in vain,  "sometimes I feel it a kind of triumph, the way I won myself in his life despite him; but other times I see his eyes frustrated, slipping past me, a spent, disillusioned stillness in them, and I’m not so sure†(44). Mrs. Bentley cannot figure out whom she is if she feels that her husband does not know her and what she stands for. The only thing that she wants is for her husband to be able to share their lives together, and she wants her joys to make him happy as well. Mrs. Bentley does not allow the isolation to conquer her life like it does her husband. The isolation that Philip feels has been with him since he was a boy, and he treated his unwed mother similarly to the way he treats his wife: â€Å"he recoiled from her with a sense of grievance and contempt†(40). From the beginning of his life he always thought there was something better for him that was just out of reach, and when he was a boy it was his father whom he idolized, â€Å"his father all this time belonged to the escape world of his imagination, and his mother to the drab†(41). Unlike his wife it is his choice to be alone. He pretends that he does not need the affection that she does, but he is unwilling to give her what she wants and needs. He cuts himself off from the world by retreating to his art, and through his art he is able to further isolate everybody else by not sharing it. When his wife tries to share his work he becomes angry and even more distant from her, he turns the situation against her: â€Å"I don’t speak well enough for myself. That’s right isn’t it?  You have to put a word in for me – impress them – let them see that your small town preacher husband has more to him than they can see on the surface†(117). Through his selfishness and insecurities he isolates himself in a way that nobody can reach him. Ross creates drastic seasons making it extremely cold in the winter and when it is dry out it is incredibly dry. Mrs. Bentley shows how drastic she can be when she is trying to save one thousand dollars; every thought is spent thinking about it. She is determined to save the money not only to get out of town, but to save her relationship with her husband as well. She realizes that the ‘Horizons’ that they have been living in have destroyed the good man that lies beneath the preacher that she sees everyday. If they could only get out of the town and the life that they are leading the true Philip would emerge, the Philip who is free: â€Å"It makes the thousand dollars important again. If he can draw like that when he’s all shriveled up inside with the guilt of his hypocrisy, what won’t he do when he’s free of it as, able to respect himself again†(183). During the hard times of cold or drought there is relief to free them from their pain temporarily. When it finally rains after months of with out it, it does not just rains but rather it storms. They had wanted rain for so long, but when it finally comes it is not what they thought it was going to be: â€Å"the eaves already flooding over. We stood in the door way with some of the splashes on our faces†(155). The relief that the rain does not last long, and like the brief relief of the rain, Ross uses secondary characters to relieve the Bentleys of their pain. Steve comes into their lives and helps release some of the strain on their marriage, but like the rain he brings more than originally thought with him. At first it seemed like he would bridge the gap between them, but during his stay he ends up separating them even more. Philip has longed for a child of his own, but he turns Steve into a competition between him and his wife. This in turns makes Mrs. Bentley feel awful about herself when Steve would rather be with her: â€Å"It makes me feel a little uneasy, the way we get along so well together. I have a guilty feeling that our companionship is rapidly becoming a conspiracy†(95). Mrs. Bentley believes that change would be good for their  relationship, but in reality it has done more harm than good. With the incorporation of the weather and climate to character development the characters become more realistic. Ross is able to create characters that are believable when he presents their personalities similar to the setting he is using. Through the use of isolation the reader has more empathy towards the family and the hardships that they have faced. Not only does the theme of depression become vivid because of the Bentleys, but also because the time in which it is set is during the depression. The yearning that is had for material things is typical of the time, but for the Bentleys it means much more. The lack of concrete possessions is amplified by the lack of emotional wealth. The well written novel enables the reader to have sympathy towards all characters involved in this work.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Tobacco Industry Analytic

The barriers to entry in the tobacco industry are initially low and it is easy for small local and regional companies to enter into the market, but the barriers to enter the market nationally are very high. The economies at scale in manufacturing, distribution costs, and marketing at the national level make it very difficult for start-up companies to enter into the national market. There are substantial costs in raising the capital needed to build manufacturing facilities that can mass-produce tobacco products at the national level. Also, the costs of packaging goods such as cigarettes, at a mass level can generate high costs. Brand identity can also pose a barrier to entry for new entrants. Advertising restrictions imposed on electronic media by the U. S. government make it hard for any new entrant to gain brand awareness and also make it difficult for current top players in the market to increase their brand awareness. While many companies once relied on brand incentives in order to increase customer loyalty, they agreed to no longer use these incentives in the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) in 1998. Also with many already established brands such as Altria’s Marlboro Cigarettes brand already have a huge stake in the market place. They have generated a lot of brand loyalty and awareness making it difficult for a new company to generate enough brand awareness to enter the market. Suppliers In the tobacco industry farmers supply the tobacco to dealers and manufacturers. Many of the tobacco farmers in the U. S. are located in the Southeastern states such as North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Farmers usually sell their tobacco at public auctions to the highest bidders. A federal program that started with the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 once protected tobacco farmer’s prices. The tobacco growers were guaranteed minimum prices in exchange for limiting their production through allotments and quotas. U. S. grown tobacco is generally more expensive than non-U. S. grown tobacco because of the U. S. governments price-support system. Then in 2004 the government allowed for buyouts of the quotas, thus eliminating the price support system. However, in recent news many tobacco farmers are protesting for the entire buyout of their quotas and equipment. They say that the U. S. tobacco growing industry is on the verge of disappearing and they blame the high taxes on cigarettes and cheap tobacco imports. Thus illustrating that the farmers have little bargaining power due to the government interaction. Buyers Buyers in the tobacco industry are greatly affected by the economy and the level of their disposable income. Whenever a buyer’s disposable income declines, they are more likely to purchase cheaper brands of tobacco, and if a buyer’s disposable income increases, then they are more likely to buy more expensive brands. Buyer power was displayed in 1993 whenever Phillip Morris USA Inc. slashed their prices on leading brands such as Marlboro by 20% to raise their share of the market, thus leading many other leading companies to also reduce the prices of their popular brands. After many companies lowered their prices, discount cigarette brands saw a drop in their percentage of the market. However, in 2003 premium cigarette brands raised prices, then allowing discount cigarette brands to gain more of a share in the market, but the discount brands share in the market has been declining ever since. Consumers in the United States are now increasingly becoming more concerned with health issues. Consumer health awareness has hurt the market for tobacco sellers and has also led to the increase for government regulation. Many companies are now going international to focus on the increasing demand for tobacco products abroad. They are focusing on developing countries where the population is increasing much faster than in the United States and many of these countries have less government regulation, which can help with advertising and prices. Countries that have less taxation on tobacco sales can lead to higher revenues and sales of tobacco products because the costs involved are less. Industry Competitors/Intensity of Rivalry Within the tobacco industry there are three main competitors that control 90% of the domestic market. These three main players are: Altria Group, Inc. (Domestically known as Phillip Morris USA); Reynolds American; and Carolina Group. Phillip Morris USA, the United State’s largest tobacco company since 1983, controlled 50. 3% of the market share in the year 2006. Phillip Morris USA’s leading brand Marlboro had a 40. 5% share of the market in 2006; thus, displaying the importance of brand identity in the tobacco industry. Phillip Morris USA also offers different brands such as their premium brands Virginia Slims and Parliament, while also targeting the discount market with its brand Basic. The United States second largest tobacco company is Reynolds American, which offers premium brands such as Kool, Winston, Salem, and Camel; and two different discount brands, Doral and Capri. Reynolds American controlled 29. % of the market in 2006 and is also the second largest moist smokeless tobacco producer in the United States. The third largest company in the United State is Carolina Group with their premium menthol brand cigarette Newport that controlled 9. 7% of the market in 2006. For the cigarette industry unit volumes have declined and the price of cigarettes has increased,thus creating higher net revenue for companies. Many companies are u sing cost efficient strategies and are merging to help gain profits in the industry. For example, R. J. Reynolds and Brown & Williamson Tobacco merged and now have a higher share of the market. Tobacco consumption declined a lot from 1994 to 2004 and the decline has started to slow down in the past couple of years, the growth rate is still not what it once was. [pic] Figure 1 : Market share holders in 2006 Rivalry in the menthol sector of the tobacco industry has been a strong focus of the leading companies in recent years. Menthol cigarettes offer a chance for domestic growth opportunities and premium pricing in the tobacco industry. Carolina Group controls this sector with its leading brand Newport, while Reynolds American offers two brands, Kool and Salem, which have been in the market for a long time. With the potential growth in the menthol sector, the leading tobacco company Marlboro introduced their menthol brand with strong promotions to compete with already existing brands. Other potential areas of domestic growth in the tobacco industry include cigars, which are on the rise again; and snuff or smokeless, which is one the rise due to smoking restrictions in public places. By using the Porter’s Five Forces Framework I was able to discuss the five basic competitive forces within the tobacco industry. The level of difficulty for new entrants; the lack of bargaining power of suppliers; the bargaining power of buyers between different brands; the high level of potential substitutes; and the competition rivalry, as well as domestic growth areas; were all analyzed within the tobacco industry using the Porter’s Five Forces Framework. Dominant forces such as government regulation and health awareness influence change in the tobacco industry. The potential impact that theses forces could play on the tobacco industry could be harsh if companies don’t adjust and change with them. Strengths: Altria and R. J. Reynolds both display much strength within the tobacco industry. Both companies display high levels of brand identity and brand awareness with many different well-known brands. Altria has dominant control of the market with their diversified Marlboro brands of cigarettes that dominate the market, contributing a 40. 5% share in the market. R. J. Reynolds also has many well-known diversified brands such as Kool, Winston, Salem, and Camel that help to control 29. 8% of the market. Both companies can use their strong brand awareness to build customer value with existing and new products. B oth companies are aligned with their mission statements to provide for their customers and maintain levels of responsibility and integrity for their operations. Altria, for instance offers a wide array of information concerning health issues, tobacco laws, cigarette ingredients, and youth smoking prevention on their website. While R. J. Reynolds offers information to the public on legal and regulatory issues, maintaining responsible marketing, and also health issues related to their products that consumers can access on their website. Also, both companies produce mass amounts of tobacco products and in order to be the top two producers in the United State they must both have strong manufacturing infrastructures. Weaknesses: Both companies face the weakness of selling dangerous products to consumers. Tobacco products obviously involve a great deal of health risks and consumers have been made well aware of the risks involved in tobacco use. Both companies face liability issues and litigation for the sale of such a dangerous product, which can cost the companies a lot of money. These companies must place a great deal of concentration on defending themselves in numerous lawsuits that come about frequently due to the health liability issues. Recent cases involving the â€Å"light† cigarettes have been brought against Altria, these cigarettes have lighter amounts of nicotine and tar but still can be just as harmful as regular cigarettes. Also a lot of blame for such high health care costs in the United States is placed on these companies as well. Another weakness that Altria and R. J. Reynolds suffer from is their dependencies to rely solely on the sale of tobacco products in order for them to remain such profitable companies in the market place. Sales from 2000 to 2005 declined at around an average rate of 4% a year and a decline of about 1% in 2006. If sales continue to decline every year, this could lead to substantial effects on profits. With the cigarette consumption declining, companies such as Altria and R. J. Reynolds have began to look towards international markets with growth opportunities. With so much concentration on tobacco sales both companies also have the weakness of being so heavily invested in the success of the tobacco industry. These companies could face a great deal of losses if the tobacco industry keeps declining. Opportunities: Both Altria and R. J. Reynolds have the opportunity to expand the ir companies internationally to target new customers in areas that provide potential for growth in sales. With the help of countries with rising personal incomes, high per capita cigarette consumption, and less government regulation in foreign countries Altria is taking action to expand their horizons abroad. An article from Wall Street Journal by Vanessa O’Connell describes how Altria is using spin off, Phillip Morris International to focus on international markets such as Pakistan, where smoking consumption is up 42% since 2001; Ukraine, where smoking consumption is up 36%; and Argentina, where smoking consumption is up 18%. She also explains how China offers 50 million more tobacco buyers than in the United States, thus showing that China offers great potential market opportunities. R. J. Reynolds is also focusing on the global market with creation of R. J. Reynolds Global Products. R. J. Reynolds is participating in joint ventures in European countries and Japan, collaborating with other companies to produce American-like brand cigarettes in foreign markets. They have also been establishing a business presence in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean and are supplying cigarettes to the U. S. military outlets and U. S. Duty Free sectors. R. J. Reynolds also manufactures cigarettes to be sold by other companies in foreign countries. Both companies are taking advantage of the potential growth in international markets. Another opportunity that both companies are focusing on is the opportunities of marketing new tobacco products to consumers. With more consumers looking for alternatives to smoking Altria has been f ocusing on developing its smokeless tobacco product line. With snuff being providing potential growth in the market, Altria is exploring the moist snuff or chew market as well as a new product called Snus. Altria is currently test marketing its Marlboro Snus products and its Marlboro moist smokeless tobacco in certain areas of the United States. They are also using the strong brand identity of Marlboro to help their new products enter into the market. R. J. Reynolds is also developing new products that have potential market opportunities. Reynolds is developing new exotic brands of Camel cigarettes and also trying to capitalize on smokeless tobacco opportunities with their brand of Camel Snus. Both brands are using their already existent brand awareness to help romote new products in the market. Threats: Companies in the tobacco industry such as Altria and R. J. Reynolds have a negative public perception because of providing such dangerous products and must deal with this perception accordingly in order to remain in the market. With the threat of being seen so negatively in the public eye companies must provide support in educating consumers about the dangerous health risks involved wi th smoking. Government regulation also poses a threat to both companies. In the 1998, the Master Settlement Agreement between tobacco companies and the government came to an agreement that tobacco companies would have to pay $250 billion over a 25 year span to help reimburse healthcare systems for to higher costs due to many patients with tobacco use related illnesses. The threat of government regulation poses high cost threats dealing with litigation and taxes. Both companies have been affected by the high taxes placed on the sale of tobacco products, thus causing them to have to raise prices, which could have a negative effect on sales. Also the threat of changes in the legal atmosphere pose a problem on companies. As new laws are adopted both companies must adapt to stay profitable, such as the new public smoking laws that threatens both these companies that rely on cigarette sales. The threat of Altria’s and R. J. Reynolds’ consumer base growing old and dying off from tobacco related illness and America’s new focus on healthy living styles display how these companies are affected by the benefits of substitutes for smoking and quitting smoking. There has also been a huge decline in the number of smokers in the United State over the past 40 years, which has cut the consumer base in half. With the number of smokers in the domestic market declining both companies also face the threat of marketing restrictions in the United States. Tobacco products cannot easily be marketed to consumer in the United States, which threatens the growth of tobacco products. Both Altria and R. J. Reynolds are aware of the threats that they face and that can explain why they are developing new products and moving towards international markets. The SWOT Analysis displayed how strengths such as brand identity have played a huge role in the success of both Altria and R. J. Reynolds. Altria leads the market with its well-known brand Marlboro and is taking on opportunities with new products and international markets. While R. J. Reynolds has a smaller share in the market they are also trying to grow by focusing on the same opportunities. Both companies also face many of the same weaknesses and threats, that being in the tobacco industry pose, such as government regulation and health awareness. They are taking action to deal with them by exploring new opportunities.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

The Causes of the Indian Mutiny

Assess the causes of the Indian Mutiny Throughout the Indian mutiny there were numerous factors, mainly due to British imperialism, that caused and had significant impact on the Indian nation. Through the course of the Indian mutiny economic, Cultural, Armies and the Enfield rifle incident caused the Indian Mutiny. These factors bundled together and impacted together which contributed to widespread uprising and the India Mutiny. British Imperialism caused economic and political strain on the Indian Community, which in turn placed the British already on thin ice with the Indians.The Doctrine of the lapse caused many incidences and was the first reason, of many, for the Indian Mutiny to begin. Under British rule the doctrine was introduced which declared that the lands of any Indian Ruler who died without a natural heir it would be forfeited to the Company. This frustrated numerous Indian princes and land owners. Which lead them to join the sepoys in the Indian Mutiny. The taking of Ou dh played a significant role in the contribution of the anger towards the British Rule. Governor Dalhousie annexed 250,000 square miles of land known as Oudh.To consolidate control in his new territory he introduced rail and road systems and postal and telegraph systems. This aggravated the Indians and only added to the frustration and retaliation necessity of the Indians. Along with this, heavy taxes were levied onto the Indian people. The amount taxed was more than the crops were worth on that land. In addition tolls were inflicted for the use of river ferries. The land revenue system introduced by the company ruined many peasant farmers. The anxiety and pressure that these economic and political elements contributed to the British demise.Through the spread of Christianity and the spread of religious customs and traditions heightened the emotions of the Indians. This spread of Christianity was the greatest concern for Indians; with the arrival of missionaries this created much une ase amongst the Indians. Christians disrespected and had little knowledge for the Hindi and Muslim religions. Originally the British promised not to impose their beliefs but it soon was gossiped that the British wish to convert the Indians, and western influences were brought to India. William Bentinck a Christian missionary rought reforms such as the abolition of child marriage and the suppression of Sati (burning of wives after their husband has passed) this convinced many Indians of Christianity being imposed on Hindu or Muslim Indians. This outraged and added to the British problems and ultimately led Indian civilians and sepoys to uprise against them. The Indian sepoys were largely victimised, as they had lack of promotions, low wages and had many threats to their caste made. Most sepoys were high-caste Hindus used to wealth and within the army and civil service it was extremely difficult to achieve promotions and high wages.The major concern within the army was caste. It rumou red through the sepoy regiments that the British were intentionally trying to make them lose their caste. There was talk of magical chapattis (yeast-less bread) that had been poisoned by the company. The Enfield rifle cartridge was also a major caste incident. This was short term factors that lead to the sepoys gathering and revolting against the British. Problems arose when a new Enfield rifle was introduced to replace and old rifle known as the musket.In order to load the Enfield rifle the end of the cartridge has to be bitten off the cartridge and then the cartridge rammed down the muzzle to fire. To make the bullet easier to ram down, the cartridge was heavily greased with animal fat. A rumour circulated that the fat was a mixture of cow and pig fat, cows are sacred to Hindus and pigs regarded unclean as a Muslim, biting this cartridge would break the caste of the Hindu sepoys and defile the Muslims. The British quickly stated that the grease was oil or bee’s wax.However the sepoys still distrusted the Company and the British word meant little to them now. The economic, political, force of religious beliefs and threats to caste added together on top of each other which lead to the British Company topple over and crumble. The British interference with religion and traditions that have been practised for centuries and it was this interference which led to the discontent of Indian sepoys that ultimately lead to the conflict. Britain attempt to conquer India was the cause of the rebellion and the Indian Mutiny.

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Deep Sea Fishing

â€Å"If deep-sea fishing is the most dangerous of all civilian occupations, it is especially so during winter months or during storms at any time of year. † Yet, â€Å"risk taking is something they are paid to accept† (Cockerham, 131). [Epigram] As depicted by Sebastian Junger’s nonfiction account, The Perfect Storm, deep-sea fishing requires a level of determination that can override scientific data and superstitious judgment, in the interest of getting money. He tells the story of the Andrea Gail, which sets out for its fatal last voyage. In October 1991, the crewmembers say their last goodbyes and leave their loved ones behind.It’s late in the season, to go so far out at sea. Also, a number of people had been having strange feelings about the trip and are struggling to push them aside. Since the very beginning in the book, there have been many premonitions presented. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, a premonition is â€Å"a strong feeling t hat something is about to happen, especially something unpleasant† (â€Å"Premonition†). â€Å"Premonitions are often about something that is a threat to our survival tells us the purpose they serve: they are overwhelmingly about survival† (USA, Under Attack).Some fishermen hired to work the Andrea Gail are willing to take this risk regardless of the premonitions they have. Others decide not to go. While the Andrea Gail is out fishing, events unfold that lead to the sinking of the boat. The last voyage of the Andrea Gail proves the tension that must be faced between scientific data and superstitions the crewmembers had and the need for money. Based on extensive interviews, Junger describes the determination shown by deep-sea fishermen.

Litigation, Censures, and Fines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Litigation, Censures, and Fines - Essay Example In an argument by Mills (2003), ethical responsibilities in accounting cannot be assured without the implementation of litigations, censures and fines. This ensures that organizations and auditors are responsible when handling the accounts of the organization. Conan, Chad & Mark (2011) also point out that minus litigations, censures and fines investors and creditors would be exposed to greater risks involved in fraud cases created by management teams and auditors. This paper will analyze the possible causes at which legislations, fines and censures can be imposed on an organization. The analysis will be done by reviewing the case of Phar-Mor case of 1992. In 1992, the United States saw the closure of one of the most promising retail outlets in the country. Phar-Mor was cited to be the next Wal-Mart as it recorded great numbers in its sales. In an argument by Conan, Chad & Mark (2011) Phar-Mor had a great future in the United States market if only its accounts recordings were legit. T he organization had contracted Coopers & Lybrand as their auditors. In the Phar-Mor case the top management team confessed to financial statement fraud after creditors and investors in the organization filled cases challenging the legibility of their financial statements after a massive loss was recorded. ... ary issue on the case against Coopers and Lybrand was under the crux that they recklessly made confirmation and representations of financial statements without confirming if they were true or false. According to Conan, Chad & Mark (2011) this gives the plaintiffs the opportunity to file a strong case under the statutory and common law. In terms of litigation and fines, both Coopers & Lybrand and the mangers of Phar-Mor received hefty fines. Coopers & Lybrand had to pay claims to creditors and investors worth more that $1 billion. Phar-Mor mangers collectively received a fine of 41 million as two of its mangers received prison sentences. The $ 500 million fraud however, led to bankruptcy of Phar-Mor leading to its closure. Numerous internal controls and accounting principles were breached in this particular incident. In an argument by Conan, Chad & Mark (2011), it is the duty of the management team to provide accurate representation of financial statements to investors and creditors. The breach of this duty is liable to fines and litigation on the organization. Providing false financial statements to investors is punishable by labor laws in the United States. In this situation, it is the duty of the auditing company to ensure financial representations are accurate and reflect the real financial situation in the organization (Conan, Chad & Mark, 2011). Failure to this, an auditing company is liable and should be fines and pay up all claims by plaintiffs in terms of incurred loss (Hoffman, 1996). The approval of these accounting issues were based on the breach and disregard of leadership and accounting ethics. Hoffman (1996) points out that any organization that depends on investors and creditors for funds has to ensure clarity, accuracy and transparency of their

Tuesday, August 13, 2019

Well being and education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Well being and education - Essay Example In a dynamic way of viewing it, â€Å"Well being|† is a state in which a person is able to develop his or her creativity, productivity, potential, and work. It helps one-build positive and strong relationships with others as well as contributes largely to their communities. It is through education that an individual’s well being can enhance a sense of purpose in the society (Kennedy, 2006 45-6). Promoting well being is a legitimate aim of education. Many professionals in the education sector firmly perceive that their work makes individuals have a high self-esteem and have a positive view of their lives. Research shows that most of the adult learners gain evidently in optimism and confidence because of successful learning. Such experiences have also been realized by most practitioners in workplaces, communities, and in colleges. There are numerous justifications for considering the promotion of well being legitimate in education. Apart from being desirable in itself, it has a positive view on the future and a feeling of one’s ability to control his life are crucial to further, on-going successful learning. It is also legal when associated with better health, better levels of civic and social engagement, as well as higher resilience in times of external crises (Kneller, 1964 56). This means that, if education affects individuals’ chances directly, there is a hi gh probability of affecting them indirectly through improving their well-being. Well being is featured strongly in education, constructed as both important in, and a result of individual development. Personal well being contributes significantly to the development of young lives as well as their character. Most importantly, well being creates a focus on the emotional and social features of effective learning including managing feelings, empathy, self-awareness, social skills, and motivation. Educationists typically gauge the well-being of students in terms

Monday, August 12, 2019

Self Reliance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self Reliance - Term Paper Example Self-Reliance – how to get that? The primary necessity for the presence of self-reliance in a leader is to understand what one is capable of doing and believe in the virtues of his/her values. If such belief is created within oneself, then there is every possibility for the emotional quotient of the human brain to generate energy that would motivate the leader to back every decision he makes and subsequently act on those decisions. So, it could be said that behind every successful organization or every successful team activity, there would always be a person who is able to display his motivations, inner self and as a result, will be capable of telling others who they are, why they do such things and what he wants them to do to in order to succeed in that activity. Any leader who is independent enough to act on his decisions can be considered as self-reliant. Advantage A major advantage of a self-reliant and an independent person is that they would be totally in control of thei r emotions while taking decisions. As a result, any problem could be dealt by them in a balanced manner and such a person would arrive at any decision only by understanding the pros and cons of that decision and would not allow any emotional leverage to pull them to any side. Also, when such decisions are made, one could easily motivate others in the team to act to their full potential because, they would be clearly aware that true and hard work will turn successful and be rewarded under the self-reliant person’s leadership. One exemplary example of self-reliance being the primary force of leadership could be the life and struggle of Gandhi, popularly called as the ‘father of India’ (Chadha, 1997). Gandhi brought into a country filled with chaos and fight, a sense of peacefulness and unity only through his self-reliance. He was not a well-built man and he was totally ignorant about the artilleries and nuances of war, but he was completely aware of what he is capa ble of. He understood his capabilities and fought with that. He always believed that to free India from the British, it can never be done through violence and action. Only with non-violent movements and consistent protests can there be any sort of positive movement. He stood in front of the British, took their beatings and still continued to fight in a non-violent way. His was a perfect example of how a leader can unite a nation just by his determination and self-reliance. His practices and preaches were clearly a result of understanding of his own true-self and the success that was tasted in the form of India’s freedom was actually a direct result of his self-reliant attitude (Chadha, 1997). It is evidently clear that from the above example, that unless one understands the true nature of himself, one can never become self-reliant and thus a good leader. It is an age old truth and even Emerson (1967), in his poem â€Å"Self-Reliance†, written several years ago has clea rly iterated this truth by stating that no man, irrespective of how much ever he tries and copies the attitude, living way or the behavior of other person, can never become another person and can only remain as his true self (Emerson, 1967). Negative-side There is another issue that could be considered as one of the negative effects of being self-reliant. If a person believes