Mr. Essays (237 words) - Government Of Nigeria, Niger River Delta

References Aghalino, S. O. (2004). ?Oil Mineral Exploitation, Environmental Deterioration and Public Policy in Nigeria?, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, 2(122), 39 ? 50. Ayaegbunam, E. O. (1998). ?Environmental Protection and Management Laws in Nigeria: The Constitutional Question?, in Osuntokun, A. (ed.), Current Issues in Nigerian Environment. Ibadan: Davidson Press. Coarse, R. (1990). ?Environmental Protection in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects?, in The African Review, 120(1 & 2). Ekanem, O. (2001). ?The Dialectics of Underdevelopment and Instability in Africa?, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, 1(1), 52 ? 66. Etikerentse, G. E. (1986), Nigerian Petroleum Law, London: Macmillan. Federal Office of Statistics, (FOS) (1996). Review of the Nigerian Economy, Abuja. Federal Environmental Protection Agency Decree No. 58 of 1988. Federal Environmental Protection Agency Decree No. 59 of 1992. Harmful Waste (Special Provision), Decree No. 42 of 1988. Ikein, A. A. (1990). The Impact of Oil on a Developing Economy: The Case of Nigeria, New York and London: Praeger. National Bureau of Statistics (2005). Living Standards Survey of Nigeria 2003/2004: A Draft Report, Abuja. NDDC Project File, 2003. p. 95. NDDC Regional Master Plan, 2004. Niger Delta Environmental Survey, NDES, 2003 Ndukwe, O. U. (2000). Elements of Nigerian Environmental Laws, Calabar: University of Calabar Press. TELL, February 18, 2008. TELL, August 18, 1997. The Guardian, Wednesday, February 16, 2000. UNDP (2006). Niger Delta Human Development Report, Abuja. World Bank Policy and Research Bulletin, April ? June, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2000.

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James Longstreet - Civil War General

James Longstreet - Civil War General James Longstreet - Early Life Career: James Longstreet was born on January 8, 1821 in southwest South Carolina. The son of James and Mary Ann Longstreet, he spent his early years on the familys plantation in northeast Georgia. During this time, his father nicknamed him Peter due to his solid, rock-like character. This stuck and for much of his life he was known as Old Pete. When Longstreet was nine, his father decided that his son should follow a military career and sent him to live with relatives in Augusta to obtain a better education. Attending Richmond County Academy, he first attempted to gain admission to West Point in 1837. James Longstreet - West Point: This failed and he was forced to wait until 1838 when a relative, Representative Reuben Chapman of Alabama, obtained an appointment for him. A poor student, Longstreet was also disciplinary problem while at the academy. Graduating in 1842, he ranked 54th in a class of 56. Despite this, he was well-liked by the other cadets and was friends with future adversaries and subordinates such as Ulysses S. Grant, George H. Thomas, John Bell Hood, and George Pickett. Departing West Point, Longstreet was commissioned as a brevet second lieutenant and assigned the 4th US Infantry at Jefferson Barracks, MO. James Longstreet - Mexican-American War: While there, Longstreet met Maria Louisa Garland whom he would marry in 1848. With the outbreak of the Mexican-American War, he was called to action and came ashore near Veracruz with the 8th US Infantry in March 1847. Part of Major General Winfield Scotts army, he served in the siege of Veracruz and the advance inland. In the course of the fighting, he received brevet promotions to captain and major for his actions at Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey. During the assault on Mexico City, he was wounded in the leg at the Battle of Chapultepec while carrying the regimental colors. Recovering from his wound, he spent the years after the war stationed in Texas with time at Forts Martin Scott and Bliss. While there he served as the paymaster for the 8th Infantry and conducted routine patrols on the frontier. Though tension between the states was building, Longstreet was not a avid secessionist, though he was a proponent of the doctrine of states rights. With the outbreak of the Civil War, Longstreet elected to cast his lot with the South. Though he was born in South Carolina and was raised in Georgia, he offered his services to Alabama as that state had sponsored his admission to West Point. James Longstreet - Early Days of the Civil War: Resigning from the US Army he was quickly commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate Army. Traveling to Richmond, VA, he met with President Jefferson Davis who informed him that had been appointed a brigadier general. Assigned to General P.G.T. Beauregards army at Manassas, he was given command of a brigade of Virginia troops. After working hard to train his men, he repelled a Union force at Blackburns Ford on July 18. Though the brigade was on the field during the First Battle of Bull Run, it played little role. In the wake of the fighting, Longstreet was irate that the Union troops were not pursued. Promoted to major general on October 7, he was soon given command of a division in the new Army of Northern Virginia. As he prepared his men for the coming years campaigning, Longstreet suffered a severe personal tragedy in January 1862 when two of his children died from scarlet fever. Previously an outgoing individual, Longstreet became more withdrawn and somber. With the beginning of Major General George B. McClellans Peninsula Campaign in April, Longstreet turned in a series of inconsistent performances. Though effective at Yorktown and Williamsburg, his men caused confusion during the fighting at Seven Pines. James Longstreet - Fighting with Lee: With the ascent of General Robert E. Lee to army command, Longstreets role increased dramatically. When Lee opened the Seven Days Battles in late June, Longstreet effectively commanded half the army and did well at Gaines Mill and Glendale. The remainder of the campaign saw him firmly cement himself as one of Lees chief lieutenants along with Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson. With the threat on the Peninsula contained, Lee dispatched Jackson north with the Left Wing of the army to deal with Major General John Popes Army of Virginia.Longstreet and Lee followed with the Right Wing and joined Jackson on August 29 as he was fighting the Second Battle of Manassas. The next day, Longstreets men delivered a massive flank attack which shattered the Union left and drove Popes army from the field. With Pope defeated, Lee moved to invade Maryland with McClellan in pursuit. On September 14, Longstreet fought a holding action at South Mountain, before delivering a strong defensive performan ce at Antietam three days later. An astute observer, Longstreet came to grasp that the weapons technology available gave a distinct advantage to the defender. In the wake of the campaign, Longstreet was promoted to lieutenant general and given command of the newly-designated First Corps. That December, he put his defensive theory into practice when his command repulsed numerous Union assaults against Maryes Heights during the Battle of Fredericksburg. In the spring of 1863, Longstreet and part of his corps were detached to Suffolk, VA to collect supplies and defend against Union threats to the coast. As a result, he missed the Battle of Chancellorsville. James Longstreet - Gettysburg the West: Meeting with Lee in mid-May, Longstreet advocated for sending to his corps west to Tennessee where Union troops were winning key victories. This was denied and instead his men moved north as part Lees invasion of Pennsylvania. This campaign culminated with the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1-3. In the course of the fighting, he was tasked with turning the Union left on July 2 which he failed to do. His actions that day and the next when was charged with overseeing the disastrous Picketts Charge led many Southern apologists to blame him for the defeat. In August, he renewed his efforts to have his men transferred west. With General Braxton Braggs army under heavy pressure, this request was approved by Davis and Lee. Arriving during the early stages of the Battle of Chickamauga in late September, Longstreets men proved decisive and gave the Army of Tennessee one its few victories of the war. Clashing with Bragg, Longstreet was ordered to conduct a campaign against Union troops at Knoxville later that fall. This proved a failure and his men rejoined Lees army in the spring. James Longstreet - Final Campaigns: Returning to a familiar role, he led the First Corps in a key counterattack at the Battle of the Wilderness on May 6, 1864. While the attack proved critical in turning back Union forces, he was badly wounded the right shoulder by friendly fire. Missing the remainder of the Overland Campaign, he rejoined the army in October and was placed in command of the Richmond defenses during the Siege of Petersburg. With the fall of Petersburg in early April 1865, he retreated west with Lee to Appomattox where he surrendered with the rest of the army. James Longstreet - Later Life: Following the war, Longstreet settled in New Orleans and worked in several business enterprises. He earned the ire of other Southern leaders when he endorsed his old friend Grant for president in 1868 and became a Republican. Though this conversion earned him several civil service jobs, including US Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, it made him a target of Lost Cause advocates, such as Jubal Early, who publically blamed him for the loss at Gettysburg. Though Longstreet responded to these charges in his own memoirs, the damage was done and the attacks continued until his death. Longstreet died on January 2, 1904 at Gainesville, GA and was buried at Alta Vista Cemetery. Selected Sources HistoryNet: James Longstreet Civil War: James Longstreet

Multi-culturalism and the new regionalism in Southeast Asia (or ASEAN) Essay

Multi-culturalism and the new regionalism in Southeast Asia (or ASEAN) - Essay Example Economic integration can be replicated in the political field but true growth of regionalism will come about through a coagulation of regional identities. Multiculturalism can contribute to creation of common identities and can thus provide a strong bond for the sustained growth of regionalism. The impact of multiculturalism in fostering regionalism and growth of ASEAN will thus form the central theme of this research. A realist approach with thorough analysis of data and study of primary as well as secondary sources will be adopted to arrive at specific answers to the key research questions. The rigorous approach thus adopted is expected to bring about a greater understanding of the phenomenon of multiculturalism in the specific context of South East Asian regionalism. The modern world is increasingly regionalized and globalized. This is posing greater challenges for individuals and nation states. Some of these are resulting in a clash of identities between individuals and states. Multiculturalism attempts to reduce these fault lines by bringing people closer together to melt different cultures and identities. Regionalism provides a geographical and political dimension to multiculturalism. However regionalism does not naturally imply assimilation of cultures. Multiculturalism needs stronger roots and deeper commitments than regionalism. Association of South East Asian Nations or ASEAN has emerged as an enduring regional phenomenon. It is a political and economic confederation based on the needs to protect and project economic and political power of the resurgent economies of South East Asia, such as Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. Multiculturalism can also form a strong glue to bind together the people of ASEAN. Though it will be a long a slow p rocess, a multicultural ASEAN society would be far more homogeneous than it is today, thereby enabling peace and prosperity in the region more consistently.

Nuclear Power Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nuclear Power - Research Paper Example The usage of various kinds of natural resources for various purposes which includes the power generation and transportation means, have contributed towards the global warming in a considerable amount. With global warming clouds looming over the modern day society there is a need for an environment friendly energy generation source, nuclear power plants can be considered as the appropriate alternative that can help the environment in a considerable amount. Alternatives are being thought of to minimize the damages to the environment. Nuclear power plants are thought to be safe in this regard and provide a better option as an alternative of energy source against various other sources of energy. Besides the environmental aspect, hydro powers demand a pre installed infrastructure in form of dams and canals and rivers in the line. Large amount of capital needs to be invested in case of a thousand plus mega watt power generator source. The construction costs are a debatable issue at times, and more often it takes considerable amount of time constructing a large scale dam which can meet the requirements of a large segment of population. The irrigation means have to be brought into action to establish a chain of flow of water from various rivers into the dam and reservoirs. Nuclear power plants are operational in many parts of the world and are producing electricity on large level and fulfilling the requirements that would otherwise be met by the sources which are fewer environments friendly. Another advantage of it is the readiness with which it can be prepared. Unlike dams, it does not need a massive infrastructure establishment. Nuclear sources of energy production do not pose any direct threat to the environment; however, they have their own considerations to be taken into account. Though they do not result in direct damages to eco system, the carbon dioxide concern is buried to large extent since it does not result in direct carbon dioxide emission, however they ar e little dangerous to handle and failure can result in catastrophes. Many incidents have come to forefront where the nuclear power plants have gone wild and resulted in total devastation. The damages so incurred are far intensive than any other source of energy generation. Japan came across the worst form of reaction from nuclear power plants in recent times, when tsunami struck its cities and resulted in leakage of Fukushima Nuclear power plant in March 2011 and it resulted in melting of layers and hence leakage of radioactive material on a massive scale. This resulted in large scale evacuation of the locals from the neighborhood of the nuclear site (Bryan, Sutton, & Centorino, 2011). Another similar incident took place in late 20th century in former U.S.S.R and present day Ukraine in the Chernobyl Nuclear power plant. It resulted in large amount of human life loss and nearly 30 people died because of this incident. Later on the improper design of the power plant was termed as the reason for its destruction. Besides its direct implications, large number of skin diseases and various other dysfunctional syndromes were reported in the area (Agranovski, 2011). Considerations need to be taken in to account when it comes to the wastes disposition. The wastes should be properly handled and should not be exposed to outside elements in the environment since the nuclear reactor material are mostly radio active in nature and can impact not just

Beginning Life of Walt Disney :: essays research papers

The Beginning Life of Walt Disney   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Walt was born in Chicago and with his family moved to Missouri in 1960 on to a farm. He started drawing animals on the farm here. When he was 18 he had his first cartooning job. Walt started cartooning by drawing non-moving cartoons for companies at the Pesman-Rubin Commercial Art Studio. There, Walt met Ubbe(later to be shortened to Ub) Iwerks. Ub taught Walt how to make drawings look more professional. They had only been hired to Pesman-Rubin because of the Christmas rush, so soon afterward; they were both let go. Then, Walt suggested one day that they, Walt and Ub, should make their own Art studio. Ub agreed because he needed money to help his family. They named their firm Iwerks-Disney. Their first office belonged to their first client who traded rent for artwork. Their Business did very well. They did so well; they could afford a bigger office. Walt saw an ad for a cartoonist for the Kansas City film Ad Company in the newspaper in the spring of 1920. This com pany produced short cartoons for local businesses. Both liked cartooning, and became interested in the filmed cartoons appearing in theaters. So the Kansas City Film Ad Company opening seemed like the perfect chance to learn about cartooning for them. Walt would go apply for the job and attempt to convince the company that they need two cartoonists for the job, in hope that Ub would get a job as well. Unfortunately the job was only offered to Walt alone. The job offered 40 dollars a week, which was more money a week then Walt and Ub had dreamed of. Ub told Walt to take the job and he would continue on with Iwerks- Disney alone. After working a while with working at the Kansas City Ad Company, Walt and his employers found him falling behind, Walt found he needed help so he asked Ub Iwerks. This time Walt's persuading worked and Ub was hired. The Iwerks-Disney business was no longer needed. During all this time, Walt was living with his brother, Roy, and Roy's fiancee. However, doctor s found Roy's health worsening and was assigned to a veterans hospital in New Mexico because he was a veteran of World War 1.

Cultural Attitudes Toward and Presumptions Essay

When you speak or write, do you own the words that you have created? What about the thoughts that preceded those words? These questions get to the very heart of referencing and citation requirements in academic work. In the Western academic world, the presumption is that you do, in some sense, own your words and thoughts; at the very least, you have privileges pertaining to them. The main privilege is to be credited, or cited, for your effort and scholarship. These notions of authorship and ownership, however, are based in cultural expectations and are neither better nor worse than other cultural perspectives. Some non-western cultures have historically placed emphasis on communal knowledge and showing respect through imitation. In the Western world, ideas relating to intellectual property have changed over time (Bowden, 1996). With these thoughts in mind, consider your culture of origin in addressing the following topics: Describe cultural attitudes toward and presumptions about whether a person can own words and knowledge. Have modern trends such as globalization and easy access to information affected these presumptions? Consider how academic integrity is also applicable in an organisation. Do you believe the same presumptions hold true in your career as an employee of an organisation? How might this assignment be relevant in your workplace? Provide an example situation in which you were, or may be, asked to provide research and reference on specific materials for a sector of your organisation. You may wish to do additional research to support your views. Formulate and share a plan for learning or honing the citation and referencing skills you will need as you participate in this degree programme.